Summary of Jeffery Lab Research
The genome projects yielded the sequences of tens of thousands of proteins. Elucidating the roles these proteins play in health and disease, and also how they can be used and/or modified for the development of novel therapeutics, biomaterials, biosensors, methods for energy production and methods for environmental remediation, will be aided by a better understanding of how a protein’s amino acid sequence determines its structure and how a structure determine function. In the Jeffery lab we are using biophysical and biochemical methods along with computer-based structure analysis in several projects to study the connections between protein sequences, structures, and functions.
Analysis of protein sequences and structures to elucidate the connections between sequence, structure and function. This information might help in the future in developing better methods to predict a protein’s function(s) from its sequence or structure. Two current projects in this area include an analysis of ligand binding sites in protein crystal structures and a study of the sequences and structures of “moonlighting proteins”. Many protein functions can be inferred from the known functions of homologous proteins, but determining protein functions is complicated by an increasing number of “moonlighting proteins”, proteins that have more than one function where the multiple functions are not a result of splice variants, gene fusions, or multiple isoforms (Jeffery, C. J. Moonlighting Proteins. (1999) Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 24: 8-11). We are preparing a database of the known moonlighting proteins and performing an analysis of their sequences and structures. Knowing more about moonlighting proteins could help in predicting which additional proteins might also have a second function, which would be useful in determining the function(s) of the thousands of proteins identified through the genome projects and the functions of the “unknown” proteins whose structures were solved as part of the Protein Structure Initiative. In addition, since the ability of proteins to moonlight can complicate interpretation of the results of proteomics projects, identifying the roles of proteins in disease, and the selection of biomarkers, understanding which proteins moonlight can be important for both basic research and medicine</li>Analysis of protein sequences and structures to elucidate the connections between sequence, structure and function. This information might help in the future in developing better methods to predict a protein’s function(s) from its sequence or structure. Two current projects in this area include an analysis of ligand binding sites in protein crystal structures and a study of the sequences and structures of “moonlighting proteins”. Many protein functions can be inferred from the known functions of homologous proteins, but determining protein functions is complicated by an increasing number of “moonlighting proteins”, proteins that have more than one function where the multiple functions are not a result of splice variants, gene fusions, or multiple isoforms (Jeffery, C. J. Moonlighting Proteins. (1999) Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 24: 8-11). We are preparing a database of the known moonlighting proteins and performing an analysis of their sequences and structures. Knowing more about moonlighting proteins could help in predicting which additional proteins might also have a second function, which would be useful in determining the function(s) of the thousands of proteins identified through the genome projects and the functions of the “unknown” proteins whose structures were solved as part of the Protein Structure Initiative. In addition, since the ability of proteins to moonlight can complicate interpretation of the results of proteomics projects, identifying the roles of proteins in disease, and the selection of biomarkers, understanding which proteins moonlight can be important for both basic research and medicine.
The development of novel approaches to increase the expression of transmembrane proteins for biochemical analysis and structure determination. Membrane proteins play key roles in health and disease and are the targets of the majority of pharmaceuticals in use today, but much less is known about their structures and mechanisms of function than for soluble proteins because of the challenges in their expression, purification, and structure determination. The goal of our new approaches is to alleviate the bottleneck in protein expression.
In a previous project, we elucidated the reaction mechanism of a glycolytic enzyme that moonlights as a tumor cell motility factor in breast cancer cells: phosphoglucose isomerase/autocrine motility factor (PGI/AMF). By solving six structures of PGI/AMF with different ligands bound, we developed a model of the multistep catalytic mechanism for this multifunctional enzyme/growth factor.
Biography of Prof. Jeffery
Constance (Connie) Jeffery obtained her B.S. degree at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She obtained her Ph.D. with Dan Koshland, Jr., at the University of California at Berkeley, where she studied transmembrane signaling by the E. coli aspartate receptor. During postdoctoral research with Greg Petsko and Dagmar Ringe at Brandeis University, she solved the X-ray crystal structures of phosphoglucose isomerase and S. cerevisiae cytoplasmic aspartate aminotransferase and coined the term “moonlighting proteins”. She joined the faculty of the University of Illinois at Chicago in 1999. She continues to study the connections between a protein’s sequence, structure, and function with an emphasis moonlighting proteins and transmembrane proteins.
Biography of Mathew Mani
Mathew Mani attended the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and graduated with his Bachelors in Molecular and Cellular Biology. He also graduated with minors in both Chemistry and Computer Science before attending graduate school at the University of Illinois at Chicago for his Masters of Science in Bioengineering (Bioinformatics). Under the guidance and leadership of Dr. Constance Jeffery, he completed his research and thesis in developing a database for Moonlighting Proteins. He continues to work closely with Dr. Jeffery in the development of her Moonlighting Proteins research. He currently works in the pharmaceutical and healthcare industry in Northern Illinois.
Biography of Chang Chen
Chang Chen got his Bachelor’s degree in Biomedical Engineering from University of Electronic Science & Technology of China. He obtained his Master’s degree in Environmental Health Sciences at Case Western Reserve University, where he studied redox biochemistry based on glutaredoxin protein in Dr. John Mieyal’s lab. Chang joined Jeffery’s lab in 2012 Fall as a PhD student from Bioengineering program, his research focused on structural bioinformatics on moonlighting proteins and immune disorder disease related variants/proteins.